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Events, whether major international spectacles or regular local fixtures like football matches, generate significant temporary travel demand. However, this surge does not exist in isolation. It interacts with an already established network of commuters, businesses, and everyday travellers, known as background demand. Without careful planning, peak fan arrival and departure times can overwhelm transport networks, causing congestion, delays, and dissatisfaction. Ensuring that existing travel demand is not an afterthought is crucial for minimising disruption and maximising the positive impact of events on host communities.
Some key examples within the sporting mega-event context that we have worked on include:
Events typically occur within urban environments where transport networks already operate at high capacity during peak hours. Without proactive measures, the influx of event attendees can strain public transport, road networks, and active travel routes, leading to:
Addressing these challenges requires a multi-pronged approach that engages individuals, businesses, and industry partners to shape travel behaviour and manage demand effectively.
Photo Source: BBC
We recognise that shaping background demand is a complex aspect of event planning. Expanding capacity, such as adding more trains or buses, can be costly and often difficult to implement within the available time frames. Therefore, event organisers should prioritise influencing travel behaviour and timing. Below we highlight some key strategies for managing demand.
One of the most effective ways to mitigate congestion is by influencing individual travel choices through targeted marketing and communications. Strategies such as pre-event engagement, real-time updates, and incentives for sustainable travel can help distribute demand more evenly.
Examples of behaviour change marketing communications implementation:
For more detail on these examples and the role of marketing and communications in influencing travel behaviours, visit our previous blog here.
Photo source: UEFA Champions League Final 2017
Beyond individual travellers, engaging businesses is a critical component of managing background demand. Many major events coincide with regular work and commuting hours, necessitating collaboration with local employers and industries to adapt to increased pressures on the transport network.
Examples of business engagement:
Photo source: Graham James
Engaging with journey planning platforms, whether bespoke systems developed for specific events or widely used tools like Google Maps, can help shape travel demand in real time. By providing dynamic information, notifications, and alternative route suggestions, these tools can help distribute traveller movements more efficiently.
Notable examples:
Photo source: Birmingham 2022
Providing the public with visibility into high-demand areas through hotspot maps enables better-informed travel decisions. By identifying congested zones in advance, eventgoers and regular commuters can plan accordingly, easing pressure on the network.
Examples of effective use:
Photo source: National Stadium of Wales
Initial research to understand the demand on travel networks is crucial, enabling the development of strategies that mitigate risks and optimise event-related transport flows. Understanding whether these measures effectively influence travel behaviour is essential for improving future event planning. As such, research plays a key role in assessing whether targets for behaviour change are met and allows for real-time adjustments to improve efficiency. Research in this context can be conducted through:
By integrating robust research methodologies into travel demand management, event organisers and transport planners can make data-driven decisions that enhance efficiency, reduce disruption, and improve the experience for all travellers.
Successful event travel planning must integrate background demand considerations from the outset rather than treating them as an afterthought. This ensures a positive experience for all travellers, minimises disruption to local communities, and enhances the long-term benefits of hosting major events. A well-managed approach can leave a lasting legacy, improving public transport operations, promoting sustainable travel habits, and strengthening collaboration between event organisers, businesses, and transport authorities.
By proactively managing background demand, cities and event organisers can turn potential disruption into an opportunity for innovation, efficiency, and positive change. The background strategies we have helped shape at major events as illustrated above have successfully influenced millions of people to change their behaviour. We’d love to share our insights and support, so please do get in touch with us at hello@intheround.global.