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COP29, the UN Climate Change Conference, held from 11 November – 22 November 2024, in Baku, Azerbaijan, focussed on advancing global climate negotiations and strengthening commitments under the Paris Agreement, and marked a pivotal moment for the tourism industry. For the first time in COP history, tourism gained official recognition, highlighting its dual role as a significant contributor to climate change, responsible for 6.7% of global greenhouse gas emissions in 2023, and a sector with enormous potential to drive positive change.
As COP29 focussed on cities, transport, and tourism, key declarations and initiatives highlighted the urgent need for sustainable travel solutions, particularly in destinations where tourism is deeply interwoven with local economies, live events, and natural landscapes. The end of November also served an important reminder of this during the UNs World Sustainable Transport Day.
A call for sustainable tourism
Tourism connects people with iconic destinations, from the beaches of the Mediterranean to natural wonders like the Lake District National Park. These visitors often come for live events such as arts, culture, music, and sports, which contribute to the economic and cultural vibrancy of the area. Yet, the environmental and social impacts are mounting, from congestion in historic cities to pollution in pristine environments.
The COP29 Declaration on Enhanced Climate Action in Tourism provides a pathway to reimagine tourism through five strategic focus areas: measurement, decarbonisation, regeneration/adaptation, collaboration, and finance. In parallel, the COP29 MAP (Multisectoral Actions Pathways) Declaration for Resilient and Healthy Cities underscores the importance of sustainable urban transport and infrastructure, which directly affects visitor access to key destinations and venues.
Key travel challenges and opportunities for tourist destinations
Tourist hotspots face unique challenges related to travel:
However, these challenges also provide opportunities to rethink and enhance travel strategies. Priority should initially be placed on influencing travel demand, to make the most of the existing transport network before considering costly infrastructure investments.
Actionable steps for sustainable tourism at key destinations include:
Strategic planning and policy development:
Marketing, engagement and education:
Infrastructure enhancements:
Spotlights:
St Michael’s Mount in Cornwall: Has implemented a range of demand management measures to ensure a sustainable and enjoyable experience for visitors while protecting the local environment and community. A key initiative is the introduction of ticket-only access during peak summer periods, helping to manage the flow of visitors and reduce overcrowding.
Photo source: St Micaels Mount
Mont Saint-Michel in France: Has implemented demand management measures, including removing parking and restricting access to the island to shuttle buses. The 19th-century paved causeway and the old car park have been replaced with a bridge, providing a more sustainable connection. Visitors can also follow a wooden walkway to reach the island on foot.
Photo source: Normandy Tourism
Lake District National Park, UK: The National Park have introduced a number of sustainable travel initiatives to enhance options for tourists. This includes improved bus services, better connections to major train stations, and innovative ticketing solutions like integrated bus and boat passes. Active travel was also encouraged with expanded cycling routes and bike hire facilities, making it easier for visitors to explore the region without cars.
Photo source: Visit Britain
Snowdonia National Park, Wales: Snowdonia (now known locally as Eryri) implemented seasonal park-and-ride schemes in key areas, such as the Pen y Pass car park, to manage visitor congestion. This service is paired with active travel initiatives like improved walking trails and shuttle buses that are environmentally friendly. The goal is to reduce car use while preserving the park's natural beauty.
Photo source: Wikipedia
Rotorua, New Zealand: Rotorua has introduced e-bike rentals and trails to support sustainable exploration of its geothermal attractions. This complements existing public transport and park-and-ride options, allowing tourists to access popular spots like the Redwoods Forest without private cars.
Photo source: iStock
Building a future for sustainable tourism
COP29 has elevated the conversation around sustainable tourism and travel, providing actionable frameworks for destinations and stakeholders. By embracing these opportunities, destinations can balance economic benefits with environmental preservation, ensuring tourism and events become drivers of climate resilience.
As we reimagine tourism’s future, key destinations like the Lake District show what’s possible when sustainable travel initiatives are prioritised. Whether it’s through improved public transport, cycling infrastructure, or community-driven collaboration, the road to sustainable tourism starts with thoughtful, impactful action.
For support in developing actionable sustainable travel plans in a tourism context - feel free to contact us at hello@intheround.global.